Expenditure-based measures have been the most successful and best used indicator of innovation to date because the data can be collected with minimal effort and maximum accuracy (not perfect) and interpreted without huge complexities.
Other stories mentioning these organizations, people and topics
| Organizations: | Alphabet Inc, Amazon, Apple, Cambridge Analytica, DeepMind Technologies Ltd, Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency, Facebook, JPMorgan, Microsoft, Rio Tinto, Stanford Univ, and Uber |
| People: | Brian Wixted, Elon Musk, and Joseph Schumpeter |
| Topics: | AI100, AlphaGo, artificial intelligence, Autonomous Vehicles, big data, deep learning, and R&D expenditures |
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