An expert panel has concluded that Canadian industrial R&D (IR&D) remains weak for a host of complex, often poorly understand reasons, although four key industries display considerable strength. Assembled by the Council of Canadian Academies (CCA), the panel's report — The State of Industrial R&D in Canada — found that while R&D activity is extensive and spread across a wide range of industries, the relationship between R&D, S&T and innovation is asymmetrical and in need of closer examination.